Psychology Vocabulary

Psychology (Myers, 8E) Chapter 10 consume online at quizlet. com/_h108 1. cognition the mental activities associated with prizeing, knowing, remembering, and communicating a mental assort of similar objects, events, ideas, or people a mental image or best example of a category a methodical, logical expression or procedure that guarantees solving a particular proposition problem.Contrasts with the usually speedier entirely also more error-prone -use of heuristics a simple thinking outline that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently usually speedier that also more error-prone than algorithms a sudden and often unused realization of the solution to a problem it contrasts with strategy-based solutions a tendency to hunting for information that confirms ones preconceptions the inability to see a problem from a tonic perspective an impediment to problem solving a tendency to address a problem in a particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past the tendency to think of things barely in terms of their usual functions an impediment to problem solving decide the likeliness of things in terms of how well they be to represent, or match, particular prototypes may lead one to ignore other relevent information estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory if instances come promptly to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are common the tendency to be more confident than correct to overestimate the accuracy of ones opinions and judgments the way an fill in is posed how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments 15. belief prepossession 2. concept prototype algorithm he tendency for ones pre-existent beliefs to distort logical reasoning, sometimes by making invalid conclusions seem valid, or valid conclusions seem invalid clinging to ones initial conceptions after the foundation garment on which they were formed has been discredite d our spoken, written, or signed tidingss and the slipway we combine them to communicate meaning in a language, the smallest distinctive unplumbed unit in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning may be a word or a part of a word (such as a prefix) in a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others the set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, linguistic communication, and sentences in a given language also, the study of meaning the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language startle at about 4 months, the stage of speech developing in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the family unit language the stage in speech development, from about age 1 to 2, during which a child speaks mostly in single words descent about age 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly two-word statements early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram go car employ mostly nouns and verbs and omitting auxiliary words Whorfs hypothesis that language determines the way we think 16. 3. belief perseverance language 4. 17. 18. phoneme morpheme 5. heuristic 19. 20. grammar 6. insight 21. semantics 7. confirmation bias fixation 22. syntax 8. 23. 9. mental set babbling stage 10. useable fixedness representativeness heuristic 24. one-word stage two-word stage telegraphic speech linguistic determinism 11. 25. 26. 12. availability heuristic 27. 13. overconfidence 14. framing